Reinforcement for concrete construction.



No. 890,036. PATENTED JUNE 9, 1908.-

J. o. ELLINGER.

REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED JULY 5, 1907.

3 SHEETS-SHEETL I 4 H: 2: a

PATHN'IED UNE 9,1908.

J. OLELLINGER. REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

PPLI ATIOI FILED JULY 6. 1 07' A 0 9 3 SHEETSBHEET 2,

www.mzmmx.

No; 890,036. PATENTED JUNE 9, 1908'.

i J. 0. BLLINGB'R, REINFORCEMENT FOR'GONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIOATIOI i FILED J'ULY 5. 1907,

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

JULIAN o. ELLiXGi-mor new YoRK,

niimonciimiii'r FOR conciiia'rii "cons'rnucrio zf.

Io. Applleltlonfled iu'ly 6,

To rill mag concern: v

' it known that If,- JULIAN O. Etruscan, o citizen of the United States, and a residentof-the city; mungand State of New York,

i-h'nwdjinv'ented certain new and useful .Iml mement's .in' Reinforcementfor Concrete truction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improve mantis iii reinforcements for beams, girders, 6b., having their body portions composed of concrete or. analogous plastic materials.

It'particularly relates to the type of rein-- fON GI IQQHtQ'OOmmOIIl) known as unit bars or isfnmes.

one' 'of the ob'ects'of the invention is to a unit ar frame which will be of maximum'efficiency;

' otherfobj'ect is .to

. description.

.d a, unit bar or frame ha'ving'elbments so a iitiibut'dmnd connected thattheywill act effectually to-take' care of the tensile.

sheath and compressive stresses and strains,

which bar or frameis so constructed'that' .it'mayfbe produced at a. minimum expense; {the arrangement of-the parts -their relation f [.toeach other and the manner of their'con-- liebtionwitheach other being specially such v i" This form; which is'well known in these frames or reinforcements; enables the bars to- Hide to'redu'ce the-cost] of the bar to amimi-.

inuln,an'd a t thesaine time enable it efi'ec-f 1m gi tall stresses and strains whi h corrected, will, produce cracks in the f i i. less resisted, cause diagonalcracks'toanpear The invention is not restricted todetails i ,lild permits within itsspirit and scope many I of more or less radical-nature, sev-. I,

, concrete. 4a;

'u l'lil'ofwhichare herein shown. It thus to be liinderatood at vthe oi'itset than-many 4-) man ra piiiirently'widelv differentvariations of te inventi'onfinay lm iide' without de-- 7 portingifronrthe s t' (:)f1@he invention. for hi h zimbbn meg herein .dSci-ibed or illum' v the iic'compii'nying' drawing; "shall flhiatrotiifie and not in 8 f ,8} e the.-inventionfnia be saidgto inc? i',' novel combinations of peculiarities in Specification of Letters I stant.

. produce such a frame 1 fflorthiflvqill keep its; sha e dnringjtransportalion-and also while an after being placed in "theh'iold around which the concrete is filled'in.

' Other objects willappear from the herein-.

In iii's'lian'ce of 'tl'iese objectsI have pro chalngesiin the forinsfher ein illustrated. and r 1961. sen-inc. 2,155.

' rimmed Janamost" {substantially as" described and particularly pointed out in the subjoinedclaims. lntli'e accompanyin the present inventionz l igure l is asec'tiono I present improvements, I nal'section of-a-girder frame taken onthe 1 plane of the line 2-2 of: Fi 1'. Y Fig. 3' is a .side ele ation of'the girder frame. 4

tio'n. Fig. 6 is a cross section on the'line 6-6 of Fig.4. .Fig. 7 is across sectionon the line 7.? of Fig. 4. Fig. 8 is a cross section on the line 8-38 of Fig. 5. Figsrg, l0, llandl? are cross sections of other modifications of the girder'frame. Fig-.- 13 is a side which Fig. 11 'is a section. Fig. 14 is a plan '-view of a portion of a girder frame showing a modified means for securing the centering members to'the girder frame. .l5 i'sa detail of a modified bracing member for spac ink the side 'elementsof the tension member the "proper distance apart 'and holding' the same rigid with relation to each other.- Fig. 16 is a detail perspective of'one of ,the centering members. I I i In all of the forms herein shom'n the-*reinforcing frame is illustrated-as having each of from each other near the ends of the bars.-

drawings illust ratin a floor-re nforced by afranie embodyingmy Fig.2 sa longitudi- 1 a side elevation" of a niodificiitiont hereof. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of another modifiea'- elevation of the form vof girder frame of its side members provided with twofllongi-f 'tudmally extending bars or-"rodsarranged one above the other in planes which diverge.

billed-tensile and sharing stresses which, un-

.near the siipnorts; These bars'orrods; are l as theyv themselves arefconcerned jrofthe same construction throughout 1 the; several f 0rms 'ilhlstrated. though t hey are variously uniformly designated A and'A-Qbeingin so'far connectedvin the different forms. In all'th'ef formsilhistrated therea-re also-shown supports for the rods or bars bi whichthe'same Q are connected wit-b each other "and, heldfin predetermined 9 relation *notonly after the i'eoncrete body'oft-he girderhasbeen formed I aroundthe reinforcement; but also prior thereto, the construction-illustrated 'suc'h tlmt .all'the eleinents-of-the reinforce a merit fare designed,- built, delivered; and

n V igerectedwith.allnarts seciiiely together of parts so that none inadvertently omitted when the concrete is molded around the same, and when it is to be put on the job in r the frame it will be the same shape as when assembled. The rods or bars are hooped .5 completely around the concrete. so as to effectually resist shears. ese supports are also of-a nature which enables them to take care of shearing stresses and to transmit located'on the outside of said webs; B

' strains to the tension rods or bars, and they are shown as comprising .-a series of lo tudmal, transverse and perpendicular e e ments connected with each other and with the tension rods or bars so as most efiectually' to accomplish the several purposes .15 stated.v 'The sup orts also comprise elements'by which t e frame is centered horizontally and laterally in the mold which is used in the process of molding the concrete around the same. It is hereinafter, in its the frameor reinforcement. A netting E'is also provided and-this nett1ng 1s shown as connectedat various points of junction with v the shear member B. r It will be observed that in the form of the invention shown on the first sheet of the drawing, the two rods or bars A, A',- of. each side member are formed inte al with a web a, the ends of which are spht at the places where the rod-or bar A is to be bent upwardly.

separately formed and different means of connecting the two rods or bars of each side member is preferred and will hereinafter'be describedQ- In all the forms of the tension memberits erpendicular element b is of strap or arch orm, and has its limbs connected with eachother so that it may'extend around the top, 40 bottom-and twosides of the concrete and thus form a hoop to inelose the same. While 'this element has thus far been referred to as perpendicular it is not intended thereby to state or imply that-it must be vertical, or

'46 at right angles" with the horizontal or longitudinal elements of the frame; It would not be a departure from the s irit of the invention to arm e some or of these arched rodsataninc' ation;

" now particularly to the construction s own on Sheet Lof the drawing, it will be observed that the arched rods b'of the shear member ,B extend over the outside of the side member A and are fastened together 66 at their lower ends by the transverserods b which pass under the lower rods IA of said aide" member. 'Thesc rods b'are shown as wnldeth: to thergds b, 3:111: thisfmogf of sear m eteris ypreera e,ast y :Ey betw igted around-each other or con! nested in any desirable manner. 'The shear frame thus formed is attached to'the tension inember b means 'of transverse rods b abovoth'c r'ods h'and existuldihoghflewebsnofitheside members entirety, designated the shear member B of or otherwise This form may be employed, but a itclips Gwhich are secure at the points wherethe u per rods 1" m bentupiwar'dly. The rods extend through psG. 105. Y

the construction of the rod b and its relation forms, are simi arly bent to 'form eyes b" soon ac A. These rods-are welded ior otherwise se-, cured in any desirable ma'nnerto the rods b and to the webs a whereby the shear member B is held rigidly on the side members A.

C are brace rods-extending transversely of I the frame and thro he the webs a thereof. These rods are rovi ed with nuts 0' located 'on the inner si es of the webs o and nuts 0' means of these nuts the members A are justed the proper distance apart.

a D are the centering members which are best shownin Fig. 16 and are secured to the frame by rivets extending through the webs a and flan es d ofssaid member, v

Thegir er frames are connected together by means of anetting E which extendsfrom soj one frame to the other and between the several arched-rods, and is tied' to thelatter by means of rods 0 which extend longitudi nally of" the frame-in s aoesformed between y contiguous portio'ns 'o 'the n'nder surface of the arehedwrodsand the-upper surface of the netting, the latter being p efcr'ably bent, as shown at a" to form'a constituting a] seat for the rod, which assists in fit-swung its-displacement. .Thisrod may weld dl- 'secured'to the netting or arch rod, or ths f'.

In Fig. 4 the webs a with v and clips-Fare substituted therefor. These c'li s consist of a plurality of parts andarc' he (1 together around tlic'upper and lower rodsA'and A of the tension members, by the rods b', which extend therethrough. form-of frame is also provided with other on the lower'rods A thesec I g 'Inthe form shown in Fig. 5 the rods 1) are dispensed with and the members F are cured together by bolts f. In this comtruc tion the clips are also dispensed with, and I the rodsb (corresponding to the rods b of. the previous forms) are bent tofform 0 "es b. through which the bars A, A, ma be shp d'.

This form of rod b is also utilize in the orm shown inF' 9, which most clearly'shows I to the members A, A, which latter may be welded to'the walls of the eyes b,'ifdes1red.'.

. In the form shown inFig. 9, the. upgr rode b correspond' to" the rods 6' of t other through which the bars A, A ma be slipped 'intassemb the partsjand'which may welded to sai bars A( A, if desired.

4 In Fig. 10 the rod b is shown as placed 011.

the geortio'ns of the uppg' bars A A, which 326" are n t upward from t lower bars A, A. r

In the form shown in Figs. 11 and 1am arched rods instead of being formed separate from thelower transverse'rods b, are shown as formed in therewith H d ice v as} ing its ends joined togetherat anyplace}, 'by

welding or otherwise. In this form the arched rod is esignated b and the transverse, element is designated'lfif. The rods ii are secured tothe 11 )per barsA' by! eyes 71'.

the ends of which are lit-around said rods.

-' In this construction therod's b? are usedand thec'lip sG'may be used if desirable; e

In the, form shown inqFig. l2, tlievshear b which is used in lieu of the eves 'h and rods b or b of the ot-her forms. his rod b? is bentdownwardly' intermediate of its ap tend below the plane of the lower transverse element 'orrod 12", as shown at b This, iorm'of the device, preferably though not necessarily, has the lower rodb integral with the arched rod b Then the parts are as 'sembled, the horizontal ends ZF are atv tached .to the arched rods bygwelding or otherwise and extend througlnthe we'bs of the clips, a'ndthe intermediate part b e'xtends downwardlyfbetween the bars A, A, and forms seats for a fasteningrod I which extends longitudinally of the .beamwithin said seatsand below the transverse rods orelements'b; l J g 1 On the drawings eachcentering member D consists of a plate having its body part split longitudinallv to form two limbs (I and '(I,

one of which (as d) isbent laterally to form an element whichiis adapted to engage the engages the bottom of thefornrk, his plate is also "bent between "its' -to'p. and bottomwhereby itmay extend part y around the lower bar A, to the web or clip connecting .40

' curethas bv rivets extending through its flanged. Instead, however, of thus riveting it to the web or clip, itmaybe attached to or connected with such 'connect-ingmeans by mounting it on'the bolt f, when the latter is used, as shown in Fig. 8. Again, as seen in Fig. 14, it may be attached to the web a by thebracerods-C; It will be seen thfat a. series of\thes'e centering devices are arranged at. intervals along the. length'of each side'elemerit of the tension member, and they con-- stitute, a ,most effective and inexpensive .means forthe purpose intended: A modification of the last referred tobracing mehns is-shown in Fig; 15 in-which, in

stead of using the inner' iiuts c,- a distance.

sleeve f'c"v of length adapted to extendfro n one side "element j of' the tensionmember to the other-is employed Bv empl'oving sleeves of differentlengths andselecting the one hav;

- ing the; ll lgthbf thefdistanee apartit is 'dewill be member is shown as attached to the tension member, so as to be held thereby, by .a rod 1 proximatelyhorizontal ends b' so 'as to ex-' side of the form while the other depends and bars A and A itsu er )ortion mavrbe seisaid side niembe'rs, the latter a ive y m i n d u h wherifthe' outer-nuts, or other's ii'table 9 elements, each beam frame is provided with n-plurality of longitudinally extending ,rods or elements "b or otherwise fastened to the archedri I structure.

the present structure embodies ni igf iea- .tures, which give it important advent es concrete,' extending over the tofp the'bott'om mnd two sides-the'reo so as jtolen resist vertical shear. The hooping 'of the the entire length of the frame, so that the con} crete may be worked at a I maximum comforcement does not depend upon their adhesion to theconcrete'.

others of their very import-ant.purpgosesform with the hoops a mesh or'netting which's'erves (the concrete inclosed in and surrounding the is proper y protected in 'caseof firefandth e concrete surrounding the frame-will not-beprogress of a fire. crete surrounding the frame may become deniaintain its initial strength. [The exposed,

easily be chipped off and replaced with: new concrete. This may be doneby' plastereis as.

terior concrete by expansion and QOIltlfltfiOlli "transportable as a unit, injt-ransit, and at, the

buildlllfi Strengt the tension member inv the beam.

It will be apparentfronfthe foregoi Among these should benote'd the factsthatl,

I'provide a frame which comprises a series of 1 1 hoops which inclose .the main portioiiofthe andalong ii Y. gageamax mum area thereof incompression I and increase the value of the concrete to. I

in case of fire to hold the concrete in placef h In fact the'whole frame is so constructedth'ait dehydrated portion of the concrete may} i Q the mesh will act asfan anchor. to .holdthe new concrete in place. The mesh also'proteets the steel members against't-he influence of air by preventing the cracking. of theexa .10 and b, one above another, whichgare-welded 5:3".(1 '.per form very important functions j n the girders and beams ,is continuous throughout I pressivestrengthf It may 'be mentioned. ere that by thus hooping the concrete the valueof the vertical members of the rein- The series of. hoops'are. connected with" each other by rods or arms whichamong same will be held in placeby the net work and that part of the concrete inside the frame 10 5 come loosened'jfron the frame during the The portion of: the con- 11h hydrated and of no further -valiie,,but the concrete within the areaof the'f am ef will:

' The sev'eral parts of 'the frameyare 'c'on-j neeted in such manner as to make, the frame 1 site; the frame is: of maximum, '.and strains are effectually trans-1': imitated t oughout from one hoop, ,loop or 1 to another throughout the entire' series andfrom the metaI'm thBflwr-sIabto. v i i tions placed in position in the formsyand the procass ofhmlding up these frames is entirely I, I The attachment between the members of the mesh or.netting is such that when the concrete, is poured, a bond between said membersis secured through the wedge like action of theconcrete connection at oradjacent to the places of contact of the hoops'and longitudinal rods. A mechanical bond. be

tween thehorimntal tension members and the'coner'ete is thussecured.

The cost of'the construction is reduced to a minimum as without time jectioris incident to the prior use thereof, for the reason that, as already stated, a mechanical bond is secured between tension members and the concrete; the frame oncefabricated is a unit in itself and is, as such ahao ntely inde endent of connec adjus thereto a ter the frames are a mochanicalpne, the-entire frame bei fabricated machine, so that duplicates i enticaleach other in all respects may'be ItI will of course he understood that vthe use of the term f concrete as used in this application is-intended'to be interpreted as merely exemplary and as including any cernentitious or plastic materialswhichmay be em 'loyedw a 1 rom the foregoing the construction and advantages of my im rov'edrein-forci framefo'r concrete and at or plastic materi'a willbe apparent, and it will be seenthat the o jects in view have been'fully accomplished hereby.

It will be understood thjat'i many forms other than those herein set forth, and many apparently .widely different variations of the invention mybeimade without departing from the-spirit of the invention, for which reason,'asa1readlyfullystated, the forms of theiinjentidn hereindescribedon shown in the accompanying: drawings, shall be intermerely as illustrative' and not in; a i I fimo i it"al'so to bezunderstood .that the used in the following claims is inedto cover all of thegeneric and specific features 'of the invention herein described and all statements, or matter relating to-or bearing upon the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language. might be said i to fall therebe'tween. a

- Having now'described my invent-ion, what I-claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

, 1. A reinforcement for concrete comprislongitudinal members at the sides there of, and 'a series ,of continuous hoops, each exfahding transversely of the reinforcementand adapted to inclose the main portion of the concrete and attached to the side members, and ,means connecting the hoops with 'elch extending longitudinallv of lain round rods may be used four sides and entending above an seopao the'remforcement and fixedly united to said hoops.

2. A reinforcement for concrete compris ing longitudinal members at the sides thereof, -loopsor stirrups connected with said members and located'outside thereof and extending transversely of the reinforcement,

each of said loopsor stirrups having means which connects its limbs with each other, formin hoops adapted to inclose the main body 0 the concrete on all four sides, and means extending longitudinal] f of the reinforcement, arranged on each si e'thereof and fixedly united to the side limbs of the hoops and forming therewith a mesh or netting.

'3. A reinforcing frame for concrete, comprising a pair of rods or bars extending longitudinally of the frame and arranged at each side thereof, one rod or bar of each pair having its ends bent to a plane above that of the other rod or bar thereof, 'to form compression elements, and shear elements com risingihoopswhich extend'transverselv o the.

frame and are adapted to inclose the main body of the concrete on all four sides and are fixedly connected with the longitudinal rods or bars and with the compression elements, a

said shear elements -provided with longitudinal. connecting rods which are fixedly united to the hoops and are arranged at eac side of the frame.

4. A reinforcing frame for concrete, comprising a plurality of rods or bars at the sides of the frame, a series of hoops extending transversely of the frame and adapted to in the respective sides'of the frame with each other, fand shear members having limbs which "are arranged at the sidesof said rods or bars and are provided with transverse' elements which extend through said connectlow the longitudinal rods or bars and adapted to inclose the main portion of the concrete. 6. A reinforcing frame for concrete, come prising a plurality of rods or bars extending oniitudinally of-the frame and arranged at I sec or bars at each side of the frame with each, i i I25,

side thereof,-means connecting the rods other, andshear members havi limbsv whichare arranged at the sides of bars and are provided with transverse ele-Q rodson ments which extend through said connecting] means, said-shear members. being h closed on y y 11-51 I mg means, said shear members being closed on fOlII Sltl'eS and extending above and be-,

longitudinal rods or bars and adapted to inclose the main portion bf the concrete and means. extending longitudinally of the frame: and connecting the shear members witheach other at each side of the frame.

7. A reinforcing frame for c'oncrete, com a plurality of rods or bars at each s de of the frame, extending longitudinally thereof, means connecting with each other the. rods or bars. at each side of the frame,

concrete on four sides, and means for securing the hoops'to the longitudinal rods or bars,

831d meansbeingsecured to the hoops andv having eyes through which the longitudinal rods or bars exten 9; Areinforcing frame for concrete, com prising a plurality-of rods 01' bars'extending ongrtudlnally of. the frame and arranged at eac of the frame andprovided with transversely extending devices which extend through theconnecting means, saidrods also. rovided.

with eyes. throng-iii which a pair of t e longi tudinally exten ng bars extend.

10. A" reinforcement for concrete, eom' prising a'pair of Ion -'tudinall-y' extending rods-or bars at each shi thereof, means con necting the membersof' each'pair with each IL A reinforcing frame for: concrete com-- a. plurality of Iongi tudina-Hy extendtension-members, shear: members havins1 0 limbs. andsnpporting devices connecte with the-J. tension members and-bent betweenthe; same, -and= means connecting the bent portions of the, supporting devices with theshear members.

1 2-. A reinforcing frame. for concrete, com'-- a pluralitgof longitudinall extend mg tension mem ase'ri'es: of ops exprising a plurality of longitudinal rods or side thereof, means connecting the rodsorbarsat each side of the frame with each other and arched rods arranged transversely nected with the tension'members.

tending transversely of. the frame and adapt-v ed to inclose concrete on four'sides,iand means for connecting the hoops with the tension members co rising. aiseries of transs-. 'versely'exten'ding devices the ends of. which are attached to oppbsite' side limbs of the hoops, said devices lengaging the tension members and bent between the latter and having their bent portions attached to lower limbs of thehoops.

13. A reinforcing frame for concrete, comprising a pliii'alit of longitudinall extendmg tension stem ers, a series of oopsextending transversely of the frame and adapted to inclose the main bod of the concrete on all four side,- a series 0 rods connecting" the hoops with each other and forming [there'- with a mesh orfnetting, means for connecting the hoops with-the tension members, comprising a series of transversely-extending'devices the ends of which are attached to opposite side limbs. of t e 1100' s, said'devices engaging the tension mem erska nd bentbetween the latter to a plane approximately that of lower limbs of the ops, and a rod extending longitudinally f the frame and fastening the 'bent 'ortio of said devices .to said lower limbs o .thefiops.

" a 1e for concrete, comds or bars extending ame' and arranged at each side thereof,:.'eparately formed clips connecting with each other; the rods or bars at each side of the frame, and shear membershaving transverse sup orting element'swhichextend throughsaid =c ips.

15. A reinforcing frame for concrete having at each side thereof a plurality of tension rods or bars, separately formed clips connect ing with each other the tension rods or bars \at each side of the frame, means extending through said clips and connecting the rods 01" barsl'at. one side of the frame with those-at the: other side thereof and shear members c'o'n- I10? 16. A reinforcingframe for concrete hav I ing at each side thereofla plurality of tension 'rods or bars, separatel 1 formed clips connect-- ing with each other t e tension rods or-"bars at each side of the frame, means extending." through said clips and connecting. the rodsor bars at one side of the frame with those at theother side thereof and shear members con= nected with the tension members, said shear niembers consisting. of a series 'of hoops a1?- 1 21]: ranged. transversely of the frameands-pro l vided with a series of connecting-rods extend ing. longitudinally of the" frame, means: fbr" connecting the shear members with the ten-- sion members and means extendingacross I25 ,the frame and through the clips and connecting the tension members'at one side of theframe with those'atthe other side thereof.

. t 17. .A reinforcing frame for concrete, hav-- ing tension rods; or bars at bpposite sides 13% thereof, she'ar elements connected to said -I0dfl extending l0 'tudinally' thereof and tension rods or bars, and means extending. fixedlyunitedto the cops and forming thereacross the frame betw een- 'thGtQIlQiOll rod orwith a mesh or netting, and-a netting se- 15 bars for adjustably fixing the seine in.prede'- cured to saidarched' rode and extehdingh'om 5 tel-mined relation. with each other. a one frame to another.

18'. A reinforcing means for concrete, com-4 In witness whereof Ihave hereunto set my a lur'ality of spaced reinforcing hand at the city,.county ,StateofNewame -eacRhaYing'tenBiOn and shear mem-'. York, this 27th diafidof June,1.907. o secured together, said sh'ear'members J IAN D. ELLINGER. 1d" compriing 1100 s which are adapted to in- I'npr'esence of:

close 'the main' ody of the concrete on all I. RICHARDS,

" ion: side sand are provided with connecting Arum W. Foosn. 

